All 45 Foundations of Government (9) Political Systems (10) Political Participation (8) Political Economy (9) Comparative Analysis (9)
Showing all 45 terms
Nothing matches that. Try a cluster instead: foundations of government, political systems, political participation, political economy, or comparative analysis.
Foundations of Government State Political body governing a territory and population, recognized as sovereign Foundations of Government Nation Group of people sharing an identity like language, culture, or history, state or not Foundations of Government Nation-State State whose borders match one nation, so country and cultural group mostly overlap Foundations of Government Sovereignty A state's final, independent authority over its own territory, free from outside control Foundations of Government Regime Lasting rules and institutions that decide how power is organized, whoever holds office Foundations of Government Government Specific people and institutions currently running the state and making binding decisions Foundations of Government Legitimacy People's acceptance of a government's right to rule, from tradition, charisma, or law Foundations of Government Authority Recognized right to make decisions others accept, power backed by legitimacy Foundations of Government Power Ability to make others do what they otherwise would not, with or without consent Political Systems Democracy System where power comes from the people through free, fair, competitive elections Political Systems Liberal Democracy Democracy that also protects individual rights, rule of law, and checks on majority power Political Systems Authoritarianism Rule by one leader or small group that limits political competition and civil liberties Political Systems Totalitarianism Extreme authoritarian rule seeking control of nearly all public and private life through one ideology Political Systems Hybrid Regime System mixing real elections with authoritarian tactics like media control and a tilted playing field Political Systems Parliamentary System System where the executive comes from the legislature and stays accountable to it Political Systems Presidential System System where voters elect the executive separately for a fixed term, independent of the legislature Political Systems Federal System System dividing constitutional power between national and regional governments Political Systems Unitary System System where the central government holds all power and delegates only what it chooses Political Systems Theocracy System where religious leaders or religious law hold direct governing authority Political Participation Civil Society Voluntary groups outside government and business where citizens act on shared concerns Political Participation Political Participation Any action citizens take to influence who governs or what government does Political Participation Political Efficacy A person's belief that their political actions can make a difference Political Participation Political Party Organized group running candidates under a shared label to win and hold government power Political Participation Interest Group Organized group pressuring government on shared goals without running its own candidates Political Participation Social Movement Broad, long lasting grassroots effort to change a wider social or political condition Political Participation Protest Movement Shorter wave of public demonstrations targeting one specific policy, decision, or event Political Participation Media News outlets and online platforms that inform citizens and shape which issues they notice Political Economy GDP Per Capita Total economic output divided by population, a rough measure of average income Political Economy HDI UN index combining life expectancy, education, and income into one wellbeing score Political Economy Gini Coefficient Single score of income inequality, where 0 is perfect equality and higher is less equal Political Economy Free Market Economy Economy where private buyers and sellers set prices and production, with limited government role Political Economy Command Economy Economy where the government decides what is produced, how much, and at what price Political Economy Mixed Economy Economy combining market competition with significant government regulation, services, and ownership Political Economy Privatization Government selling or transferring state owned businesses or assets to private owners Political Economy Nationalization Government taking ownership or control of privately owned businesses or assets Political Economy Rentier State State funded mainly by selling natural resources abroad instead of taxing its citizens Comparative Analysis Rule of Law Principle that law applies equally to everyone, including those in power Comparative Analysis Rule by Law Government using law as a tool to control citizens while leaders stay above it Comparative Analysis Democratization Shift from authoritarian rule toward free elections, real competition, and accountable leaders Comparative Analysis Democratic Backsliding Gradual weakening of democratic institutions by elected leaders who stay in office legally Comparative Analysis Corruption Use of public office for private gain, like bribery, embezzlement, or nepotism Comparative Analysis Patron-Client System Informal exchange of jobs, money, or protection for political loyalty and votes Comparative Analysis Political Cleavage Lasting social division, like religion, ethnicity, or class, that shapes political loyalties Comparative Analysis Populism Political style pitting virtuous ordinary people against a corrupt, out of touch elite Comparative Analysis Nationalism Belief that a nation deserves its own state and its members' first loyalty